Cognitive Function
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Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive decline in non-demented adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alex A, Abbott KA, McEvoy M, Schofield PW, Garg ML (2020).
Nutr Rev. 78:563-78.
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Omega-3 and its domain-specific effects on cognitive test performance in youths: A meta-analysis.
Emery S, Häberling I, Berger G, et al. (2020).
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 112:420-36.
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Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Araya-Quintanilla F, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Sánchez-Montoya U, et al. (2020).
Neurologia. 35:105-14.
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline: a systematic review.
Martí Del Moral A, Fortique F (2019).
Nutr Hosp. 36:939-49.
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Determinants of fluid intelligence in healthy aging: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and frontoparietal cortex structure.
Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK (2017).
Nutr Neurosci. 11:1-10.
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Effects of a 3-Year Multi-Domain Intervention with or without Omega-3 Supplementation on Cognitive Functions in Older Subjects with Increased CAIDE Dementia Scores.
Chhetri JK, de Souto Barreto P, Cantet C (2018).
J Alzheimers Dis. 64:71-78.
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An 18-mo randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial of DHA-rich fish oil to prevent age-related cognitive decline in cognitively normal older adults.
Danthiir V, Hosking DE, Nettelbeck T, et al. (2018).
Am J Clin Nutr. 107:754-62.
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Fish Oil Supplementation Does Not Affect Cognitive Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery Patients in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) Trial.
Jackson JC, Mozaffarian D, Graves AJ, et al. (2018).
J Nutr. 148:472-79.
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Quantitative Erythrocyte Omega-3 EPA Plus DHA Levels are Related to Higher Regional Cerebral Blood Flow on Brain SPECT.
Amen DG, Harris WS, Kidd PM, et al. (2017).
J Alzheimers Dis. 58:1189-99.
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Intakes of fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids and mild-to-severe cognitive impairment risks: a dose-response meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies.
Zhang Y, Chen J, Qiu J, et al. (2016).
Am J Clin Nutr. 103:330-40.
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Docosahexaenoic acid and adult memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yurko-Mauro K, Alexander DD, Van Elswyk ME (2015).
PLoS One. 10:e0120391.
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Higher RBC EPA + DHA corresponds with larger total brain and hippocampal volumes: WHIMS-MRI study.
Pottala JV, Yaffe K, Robinson JG, et al. (2014).
Neurology. 82:435-42.
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Serum phospholipid docosahexaenonic acid is associated with cognitive functioning during middle adulthood.
Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sheu L, et al. (2010).
J Nutr. 140:848-53.
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n 3 fatty acid proportions in plasma and cognitive performance in older adults.
Dullemeijer C, Durga J, Brouwer IA, et al. (2007).
Am J Clin Nutr. 86:1479-85.
Mental Health
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Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms.
Hsu MC, Huang YS, Ouyang WC (2020).
Lipids Health Dis. 19:159.
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The efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids on depressive symptoms in perinatal women: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Zhang MM, Zou Y, Li SM, et al. (2020).
Transl Psychiatry. 10:193.
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Effects of Fish Oil Monotherapy on Depression and Prefrontal Neurochemistry in Adolescents at High Risk for Bipolar I Disorder: A 12-Week Placebo-Controlled Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Trial.
McNamara RK, Strawn JR, Tallman MJ, et al. (2020).
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 30:293-305.
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High-dose omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation might be more superior than low-dose for major depressive disorder in early therapy period: a network meta- analysis.
Luo XD, Feng JS, Yang Z, et al. (2020).
BMC Psychiatry. 20:248.
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A multi-national, multi-disciplinary Delphi consensus study on using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Guu TW, Mischoulon D, Sarris J, et al. (2020).
J Affect Disord. 265:233-38.
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Omega-3 and polyunsaturated fat for prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Deane KHO, Jimoh OF, Biswas P, et al. (EPub ahead of print).
Br J Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 24:1-8.
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Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of depressive disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Zhang L, Liu H, Kuang L, Meng H, Zhou X (2019).
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 13:36.
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International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research Practice Guidelines for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.
Guu TW, Mischoulon D, Sarris J, et al. (2019).
Psychother Psychosom. 2019;88(5):263-73.
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Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis.
Liao Y, Xie B, Zhang H, et al. (2019).
Transl Psychiatry. 9:190.
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A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Monotherapy for Adolescent Depression.
Gabbay V, Freed RD, Alonso CM, et al. (2018).
J Clin Psychiatry. 79:17m11596.
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A randomised controlled trial of vitamin D and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of irritability and hyperactivity among children with autism spectrum disorder.
Mazahery H, Conlon CA, Beck KL, et al. (2019).
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 187:9-16.
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Association of use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with changes in severity of anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Su KP, Tseng PT, Lin PY, et al. (2018).
JAMA Network Open. 1(5):e182327.
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Effects of Omega-3 in the treatment of violent schizophrenia patients.
Qiao Y, Mei Y, Han H, et al. (2018).
Schizophr Res. 195:283-85.
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Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression.
Hallahan B, Ryan T, Hibbeln JR, et al. (2016).
Br J Psychiatry. 209:192-201.
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Meta-analysis and meta-regression of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for major depressive disorder.
Mocking RJ, Harmsen I, Assies J, et al. (2016).
Transl Psychiatry. 6:e756.
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety disorders.
Liu JJ, Galfalvy HC, Cooper TB, et al. (2013).
J Clin Psychiatry. 74:732-8.
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Are omega-3 fatty acids antidepressants or just mood-improving agents? The effect depends upon diagnosis, supplement preparation, and severity of depression.
Lin PY, Mischoulon D, Freeman MP, et al. (2012).
Mol Psychiatry. 17:1161-3.
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Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in clinical trials in depression.
Sublette ME, Ellis SP, Geant AL, Mann JJ (2011).
J Clin Psychiatry. 72:1577-84.
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Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial.
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, et al. (2011).
Brain Behav Immun. 25:1725-34.
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A meta-analytic review of polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions in patients with depression.
Lin PY, Huang SY, Su KP (2010).
Biol Psychiatry. 68:140-7.
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Associations between increases in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids following supplementation and decreases in anger and anxiety in substance abusers.
Buydens-Branchey L, Branchey M, Hibbeln JR (2008).
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 32:568-75.
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Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry.
Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, et al. (2006).
J Clin Psychiatry. 67:1954-67.
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Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of women with borderline personality disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR (2003).
Am J Psychiatry. 160:167-9.
Brain Injury
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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in severe brain trauma: case for a large multicenter trial.
Bailes JE, Abusuwwa R, Arshad M, et al. (EPub ahead of print).
J Neurosurg. 20 May 15:1-5.
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Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment and Prevention of Sports-Related Concussion - Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Evidence Still Lacking?
Oliver JM, Anzalone AJ, Jones MT, et al. (2018).
Curr Sports Med Rep. 17:103-4.
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Selective reduction of brain docosahexaenoic acid after experimental brain injury and mitigation of neuroinflammatory outcomes with dietary DHA.
Butt CM, Harrison JL, Rowe RK, et al. (2017).
Curr Res Concussion. 4:e38–e54.
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Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on a Biomarker of Head Trauma in American Football.
Oliver JM, Jones MT, Kirk KM, et al. (2016).
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 48:974-82.
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Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Improves Cognitive Function, Tissue Sparing, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indices of Edema and White Matter Injury in the Immature Rat after Traumatic Brain Injury.
Schober ME, Requena DF, Abdullah OM, et al. (2016).
J Neurotrauma. 33:390-402.
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The potential for DHA to mitigate mild traumatic brain injury.
Bailes JE, Patel V (2014).
Mil Med. 179:112-6.
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Depletion of brain docosahexaenoic acid impairs recovery from traumatic brain injury.
Desai A, Kevala K, Kim HY (2014).
PLoS One. 9(1):e86472.
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Omega-3 fatty acids and traumatic neurological injury: from neuroprotection to neuroplasticity?
Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV (2014).
Trends Neurosci. 37:30-8.
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Vulnerability imposed by diet and brain trauma for anxiety-like phenotype: implications for post-traumatic stress disorders.
Tyagi E, Agrawal R, Zhuang Y, et al. (2013).
PLoS One. 8(3):e57945.
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Therapeutic use of omega-3 fatty acids in severe head trauma.
Lewis M, Ghassemi P, Hibbeln J (2013).
Am J Emerg Med. 31:273.e5-8.
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Dietary supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in traumatic brain injury?
Mills JD, Hadley K, Bailes JE (2011).
Neurosurgery. 68:474-81.
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Docosahexaenoic acid reduces traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head injury model.
Bailes JE, Mills J (2010).
J Neurotrauma. 27:1617-24.
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Surviving a mine explosion.
Roberts L, Bailes J, Dedhia H, et al. (2008).
J Am Coll Surg. 207:276-83.
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Dietary omega-3 fatty acids normalize BDNF levels, reduce oxidative damage, and counteract learning disability after traumatic brain injury in rats.
Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F (2004).
J Neurotrauma. 21:1457–67.
ADHD/Learning
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Supplementation with high-content docosahexaenoic acid triglyceride in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo- controlled trial.
Rodríguez C, García T, Areces D, Fernández E, García-Noriega M, Domingo JC (2019).
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 15:1193-1209.
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Investigation into the plasma concentration of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Japanese attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients.
Yonezawa K, Nonaka S, Iwakura Y, et al. (2018).
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 125:1395-1400.
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Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Banaschewski T, Belsham B, Bloch MH, et al. (2018).
Nutr Health. 24:279-84.
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Omega-3 supplementation associated with improved parent-rated executive function in youth with mood disorders: secondary analyses of the omega 3 and therapy (OATS) trials.
Vesco AT, Young AS, Arnold LE, Fristad MA (2018).
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 59:628-636.
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A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial of omega-3 supplementation in children with moderate ADHD symptoms.
Cornu C, Mercier C, Ginhoux T, et al. (2018).
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 27:377-84.
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Biological Studies.
Chang JP, Su KP, Mondelli V, Pariante CM (2018).
Neuropsychopharmacology. 43:534-45.
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Current evidence and future directions for research with omega-3 fatty acids and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Gow RV, Hibbeln JR, Parletta N (2015).
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 18:133-8.
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Omega-3 fatty acid and ADHD: blood level analysis and meta-analytic extension of supplementation trials.
Hawkey E, Nigg JT (2014).
Clin Psychol Rev. 34:496-505.
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Omega-3 fatty acids are inversely related to callous and unemotional traits in adolescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Gow RV, Vallee-Tourangeau F, Crawford MA, et al (2013).
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 88:411-8.
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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bloch MH, Qawasmi A (2011).
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:991-1000.