Prenatal & Infant Health Benefits

Brain Development

• Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: an early neurodevelopmental measure

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  Judge MP, Cong X, Harel O, et al. (2012)

  Early Hum Dev. 88:531-7

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• Prenatal DHA status and neurological outcomes in children aged 5.5 years are positively associated

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  Escalano-Margarit MV, Ramos R, Beyer J et al. (2011)

  J Nutr. 141:1216-23

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• Neurophysiologic and neurobehavioral evidence of beneficial effects of prenatal omega-3 fatty acid intake on memory function at school age

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  Boucher O, Burden MJ, Muckle G, et al. (2011)

  Am J Clin Nutr. 93:1025-37

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• Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

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  Bakker EC, Hornstra G, Blanco CE, Vles JS (2009)

  Eur J Clin Nutr. 63:499-504

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• Maternal consumption of a docosahexaenoic acid- containing functional food during pregnancy; benefit for infant performance on problem-solving but not recognition memory tasks at 9 mo.

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  Judge MP, Harel O, Lammi-Keefe CJ (2007)

  Am J Clin Nutr. 85:1572-7

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• Maternal; DHA and the development of attention in infancy and toddlerhood

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  Colombo J, Kannass KN, Shaddy DJ, et al. (2004)

  Child Dev. 75:1254-67

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• Maternal Supplementation With Very-Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Lactation Augments Children’s IQ at 4 Years of Age

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  Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al. (2003)

  Pediatrics. 111:e39-44.

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Visual Development

Pre-Term Birth

Immune System Function

• Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children

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  Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, et al. (2014)

  Chest. 146:373-82

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• Modulation of DNA methylation states and infant immune system by dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA during pregnancy in an intervention study

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  Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernandez-Vargas H, et al. (2013)

  Am J Clin Nutr. 98:480-7

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• Prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and infant morbidity: randomized controlled trial

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  Imhoff-Kunsch B, Stein AD, Martorell R, et al. (2011)

  Pediatrics. 128:e505-12

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• The effect of perinatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory markers and allergic diseases: a systematic review

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  Klemens CM, Berman DR, Mozurkewich EL (2011)

  BJOG. 118:916-25

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• The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on maternal eicosanoid, cytokine, and chemokine secretion

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  Warstedt K, Furuhjelm C, Duchen K, et al. (2009)

  Pediatr Res. 66:212-7

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Cost Benefit Analysis